Doktorsavhandlingar / Doctoral Theses - C8 (MEB): Recent submissions
Now showing items 61-80 of 250
-
DNA methylation and aging : a longitudinal study of old Swedish twins
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2020-01-09)DNA methylation is a well-known biomarker of aging. Many previous studies have reported the change of DNA methylation patterns with age, and analyzed DNA methylation in association with aging outcomes. However, most ... -
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis associated neuroinflammation : nationwide epidemiological studies on etiology, comorbidities, and treatment
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-11-26)Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relatively rare but fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle paralysis, due to loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Signs of neuroinflammation have been ... -
Epidemiology, prevention and control of Legionnaires' disease in Europe
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-11-22)Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is a water-borne infection cause by Gram-negative bacteria Legionella spp. with virtually no person-to-person transmission. The clinical presentation is a severe pneumonia with a case fatality ... -
Statistical models of breast cancer tumour growth and spread
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-11-18)In this thesis, we develop statistical methods for studying tumour growth and metastatic lymph node spread in breast cancer. The methods can be used for analysing breast cancer disease progression before diagnosis. They ... -
Sex differences in cancer risk and survival
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-11-15)Aim: The objective of study I was to delineate and quantify sex differences in cancer risk and survival together with assessing the potential gain achieved by eliminating the excess cancer risk in men. Study II and III ... -
The comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders : aetiology, treatment and outcomes
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-09-17)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) defined by the presence of impairing levels of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms are often accompanied by ... -
Socioeconomic influences on late-life health and mortality : exploring genetic and environmental interplay
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-09-13)The objective of this thesis was to increase the understanding of socioeconomic differences in health and mortality in old age - in a genetically informative setting. Data from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR), different ... -
Risk prediction in prostate cancer diagnostics : current challenges and improvements
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-08-30)Prostate cancer has been considered a disease of elderly men, and thus historically less focus has been on prostate cancer research than many other cancer types. However, as life expectancy is increasing all over the world, ... -
Method developments for the attributable fraction in causal inference
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-04-26)In public health and policy making, understanding the overall impact of an intervention is of essential importance. A way to quantify the disease burden due to some risk factor is by the attributable fraction (AF). The AF ... -
Microsimulation modelling of prostate cancer screening in Sweden
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-04-18)Evidence-based health policy may require modelling of different interventions. The choice of model complexity is a trade-off, where simpler models may be easier to describe and calibrate, while complex models may better ... -
Maternal antibody transfer in HIV-1 infected women and impact on infant health : the role of antiretroviral prophylaxis and breastfeeding practices
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-03-22)Children born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected women are more vulnerable to infections and are more likely to die even when they are not HIV-1 infected. These adverse outcomes may blunt any gains ... -
Breast and prostate cancer : the impact of diagnosis and treatment on sick leave and work
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-12-17)Treatment for breast or prostate cancer can have negative consequences on working life. In addition to sick leave during treatment, women and men with breast or prostate cancer are at increased risk of permanent absence ... -
Panorama of diseases associated with breast cancer
(Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket / Karolinska Institutet University Library, 2018-11-16)Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Although the incidence of breast cancer has increased over time, so too has patient survival. Given these trends, the prevalence of breast cancer has steadily increased in ... -
Survivorship in Hodgkin lymphoma : childbearing and treatment-related disease
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-10-16)Cancer is often considered a disease with, historically, poor survival that affects middle-aged and elderly individuals. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphatic malignancy that affects both young and old individuals, with the ... -
Severe psychological stress associated with a cancer diagnosis
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-10-04)Receiving a cancer diagnosis leads to severe psychological distress. Previous studies have shown increased risk for various health consequences following a cancer diagnosis, including mental disorders, life-threatening ... -
Diet, lifestyle and chronic kidney disease
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-09-18)Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a rapidly growing public health problem, affecting 5-10% of the general population, and individuals with CKD have a substantially increased risk of morbi-mortality. Early detection and ... -
Statistical models of breast cancer tumour progression for mammography screening data
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-09-17)In this thesis we propose a novel statistical natural history model and illustrate how it can be applied to epidemiological breast cancer screening data to increase knowledge about how breast cancers progress over time and ... -
Parkinson’s disease etiology : beyond the brain and late adulthood
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-08-27)Despite much effort investigating the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the causes and the exact mechanisms underlying the disease remain elusive. Braak’s hypothesis suggests that PD pathology may start in the enteric ... -
Genetic epidemiology of cardiometabolic biomarkers : twin studies in the genomic era
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-05-25)Following the Human Genome Project, many genomic approaches have been developed in genetic epidemiology to investigate the genetic influences on human complex traits. This thesis aims to answer four genetic epidemiological ... -
Determinants of interval cancer and tumor size among breast cancer screening participants
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-05-15)Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women in Sweden and globally. In the more affluent countries, mammography screening has been in place for a few decades and has successfully reduced mortality. However, there is ...