Associations of maternal antidepressant use during the first trimester of pregnancy with preterm birth, small for gestational age, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring
Author: Sujan, Ayesha C; Rickert, Martin E; Öberg, Anna Sara; Quinn, Patrick D; Hernandez-Diaz, Sonia; Almqvist, Catarina; Lichtenstein, Paul; Larsson, Henrik; D'Onofrio, Brian M
Department: Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
View/ Open:
Author Accepted Manuscript (847.7Kb)
Abstract
Importance: Prenatal antidepressant exposure has been associated with adverse outcomes. Previous studies, however, may not have adequately accounted for confounding.
Objective: To evaluate alternative hypotheses for associations between first-trimester antidepressant exposure and birth and neurodevelopmental problems.
Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study included Swedish offspring born between 1996 and 2012 and followed up through 2013 or censored by death or emigration. Analyses controlling for pregnancy, maternal and paternal covariates, as well as sibling comparisons, timing of exposure comparisons, and paternal comparisons, were used to examine the associations.
Exposures: Maternal self-reported first-trimester antidepressant use and first-trimester antidepressant dispensations.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks), small for gestational age (birth weight <2 SDs below the mean for gestational age), and first inpatient or outpatient clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring.
Results: Among 1580629 offspring (mean gestational age, 279 days; 48.6% female; 1.4% [n = 22544] with maternal first-trimester self-reported antidepressant use) born to 943776 mothers (mean age at childbirth, 30 years), 6.98% of exposed vs 4.78% of unexposed offspring were preterm, 2.54% of exposed vs 2.19% of unexposed were small for gestational age, 5.28% of exposed vs 2.14% of unexposed were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by age 15 years, and 12.63% of exposed vs 5.46% of unexposed were diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by age 15 years. At the population level, first-trimester exposure was associated with all outcomes compared with unexposed offspring (preterm birth odds ratio [OR], 1.47 [95% CI, 1.40-1.55]; small for gestational age OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.06-1.25]; autism spectrum disorder hazard ratio [HR], 2.02 [95% CI, 1.80-2.26]; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder HR, 2.21 [95% CI, 2.04-2.39]). However, in models that compared siblings while adjusting for pregnancy, maternal, and paternal traits, first-trimester antidepressant exposure was associated with preterm birth (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.18-1.52]) but not with small for gestational age (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.81-1.25]), autism spectrum disorder (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.62-1.13]), or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.79-1.25]). Results from analyses assessing associations with maternal dispensations before pregnancy and with paternal first-trimester dispensations were consistent with findings from the sibling comparisons.
Conclusions and Relevance: Among offspring born in Sweden, after accounting for confounding factors, first-trimester exposure to antidepressants, compared with no exposure, was associated with a small increased risk of preterm birth but no increased risk of small for gestational age, autism spectrum disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Objective: To evaluate alternative hypotheses for associations between first-trimester antidepressant exposure and birth and neurodevelopmental problems.
Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective cohort study included Swedish offspring born between 1996 and 2012 and followed up through 2013 or censored by death or emigration. Analyses controlling for pregnancy, maternal and paternal covariates, as well as sibling comparisons, timing of exposure comparisons, and paternal comparisons, were used to examine the associations.
Exposures: Maternal self-reported first-trimester antidepressant use and first-trimester antidepressant dispensations.
Main Outcomes and Measures: Preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks), small for gestational age (birth weight <2 SDs below the mean for gestational age), and first inpatient or outpatient clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring.
Results: Among 1580629 offspring (mean gestational age, 279 days; 48.6% female; 1.4% [n = 22544] with maternal first-trimester self-reported antidepressant use) born to 943776 mothers (mean age at childbirth, 30 years), 6.98% of exposed vs 4.78% of unexposed offspring were preterm, 2.54% of exposed vs 2.19% of unexposed were small for gestational age, 5.28% of exposed vs 2.14% of unexposed were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by age 15 years, and 12.63% of exposed vs 5.46% of unexposed were diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by age 15 years. At the population level, first-trimester exposure was associated with all outcomes compared with unexposed offspring (preterm birth odds ratio [OR], 1.47 [95% CI, 1.40-1.55]; small for gestational age OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.06-1.25]; autism spectrum disorder hazard ratio [HR], 2.02 [95% CI, 1.80-2.26]; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder HR, 2.21 [95% CI, 2.04-2.39]). However, in models that compared siblings while adjusting for pregnancy, maternal, and paternal traits, first-trimester antidepressant exposure was associated with preterm birth (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.18-1.52]) but not with small for gestational age (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.81-1.25]), autism spectrum disorder (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.62-1.13]), or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.79-1.25]). Results from analyses assessing associations with maternal dispensations before pregnancy and with paternal first-trimester dispensations were consistent with findings from the sibling comparisons.
Conclusions and Relevance: Among offspring born in Sweden, after accounting for confounding factors, first-trimester exposure to antidepressants, compared with no exposure, was associated with a small increased risk of preterm birth but no increased risk of small for gestational age, autism spectrum disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Institution:
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
Citation: JAMA. 2017 Apr 18;317(15):1553-1562.
Citation DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.3413
Citation PMID: 28418479
Citation ISI: 000399393900015
Publishing journal: JAMA
Eprint status: Peer Reviewed
Version: Accepted
Issue date: 2017-07-07
Sponsorship:
- NIH National Institute of Mental Health, T32MH103213
- NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse, K99DA040727
- National Science Foundation, 1342962
- Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute
- Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social and Medical Sciences, SIMSAM 340-2013-5867
- Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life, and Welfare (Forte), 50623213
- Swedish Research Council, 2014-38313831
Rights:
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
Publication year: 2017
Statistics
Total Visits
Views | |
---|---|
Associations ... | 224 |
Associations ...(legacy) | 211 |
Total Visits Per Month
September 2023 | October 2023 | November 2023 | December 2023 | January 2024 | February 2024 | March 2024 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Associations ... | 1 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
File Visits
Views | |
---|---|
10.1001_jama.2017.3413.pdf | 259 |
10.1001_jama.2017.3413.pdf(legacy) | 44 |
AAM_Associations of maternal antidepressant use during.pdf | 9 |
null(legacy) | 1 |
null(legacy) | 1 |
Top country views
Views | |
---|---|
United States | 167 |
Sweden | 50 |
Germany | 48 |
China | 37 |
South Korea | 23 |
Austria | 15 |
Ireland | 8 |
Spain | 7 |
France | 7 |
Finland | 6 |
Top cities views
Views | |
---|---|
Ashburn | 106 |
Shenzhen | 20 |
Seoul | 16 |
Vienna | 15 |
Houston | 12 |
Kiez | 12 |
Woodbridge | 9 |
Dublin | 8 |
Sandhausen | 8 |
Hangzhou | 7 |