Chronic kidney disease : a complex network of leukocyte dysfunction and inflammation
Author: Mansouri, Ladan
Date: 2016-11-11
Location: Rolf Luft auditorium, CMM Ground floor (L1:00), Karolinska University Hospital, Solna
Time: 09.00
Department: Inst för medicin, Solna / Dept of Medicine, Solna
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Thesis (1.176Mb)
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common medical condition with a prevalence of up to
13% worldwide. The insidious loss of renal function develops over time to reach end stage
renal disease (ESRD) when the kidneys are unable to remove toxins and interventions such as
dialysis or kidney transplantation are mandatory. These patients are at increased risk of
morbidity and mortality, essentially due to cardiovascular diseases and infections, which arise
from alterations in both the innate and adaptive immune responses. This thesis focuses on the
functional aberrations in leukocytes, inflammation and outcomes of medical interventions in
CKD patients. In paper I, we investigated the impact of blood-membrane interaction on
circulating basophils and neutrophils in hemodialysis patients (stage 5D) using dialyzers with
two different pore sizes; high-flux and low-flux. Passage through the low-flux dialyzer
induced a significant up-regulation of the activation marker CD63 on basophils, while this
was not the case in high-flux dialysis. No significant differences were observed in the
expression of neutrophil activation markers (CD11b, the active epitope of CD11b, and
CD88), either comparing the two dialyzers, or compared to healthy controls. In paper II, we
analyzed the proliferation of lymphocytes and production of pro-inflammatory molecules
following in vitro stimulation of whole blood from pre-dialysis (CKD stage 3-4),
hemodialysis patients (stage 5D), and healthy individuals. We found a similar absolute
number of lymphoblasts, and CD4+ and CD8+ subpopulation in response to stimulation
when comparing the three groups. However, levels of selected cytokines were lower in the
staphylococcus enterotoxin A (SEA)-, influenza A vaccine (IAV)-, and pokeweed mitogen
(PWM)-stimulated supernatants from hemodialysis patients compared to those in pre-dialysis
and healthy controls. In paper III, we aimed to investigate whether the decreased in vitro
cytokine production results from dysfunction of T cells per se. We analyzed the T
lymphocyte profile in CKD patients (stage 5D) following stimulation of isolated CD4+ cells
with an antigen-independent stimulator (SEA). The proportion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+
(Treg) and CD4+GATA3+ (Th2) cells was significantly lower in patients. Levels of
Interleukin (IL)-4 were significantly lower in supernatants from patients, while Interferon
(IFN)-γ levels were higher. IL-10 levels did not differ, comparing patients to healthy
individuals. In paper IV, we performed a clinical trial for 12 weeks with the vitamin D
receptor activator (VDRA)-paricalcitol and placebo in patients with moderate CKD (stage 3-
4). We observed that selected pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased following VDRA
treatment but not in the placebo group. Micro RNAs: 432-5p, 495-3p, and 576-5p were also
significantly down regulated in the active treated group compared to the placebo group.
In conclusion, we demonstrate that chronic renal impairment and hemodialysis leads to a high inflammatory state and alteration in the function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Moreover, we show that treatment with active vitamin D-paricalcitol has a positive impact on dampening inflammatory molecules and miRs involved in atherosclerosis and inflammation. Altogether, these findings provide us with a better understanding of potential factors orchestrating the higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and infections, as well as the progression of CKD.
In conclusion, we demonstrate that chronic renal impairment and hemodialysis leads to a high inflammatory state and alteration in the function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Moreover, we show that treatment with active vitamin D-paricalcitol has a positive impact on dampening inflammatory molecules and miRs involved in atherosclerosis and inflammation. Altogether, these findings provide us with a better understanding of potential factors orchestrating the higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and infections, as well as the progression of CKD.
List of papers:
I. Aljadi Z, Mansouri L, Nopp A, Paulsson JM, Winqvist O, Russom A, Ståhl M, Hylander B, Jacobson SH, Lundahl J. Activation of basophils is a new and sensitive marker of biocompatibility in Hemodialysis. Artif Organs. 2014 Nov; 38(11): 945-53.
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II. Ladan Mansouri, Josefin M. Paulsson, Ali Moshfegh, Stefan H. Jacobson, Joachim Lundahl. Leukocyte proliferation and immune modulator production in patients with chronic kidney disease. PLoS ONE 2013, 8 (8), e73141
Fulltext (DOI)
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III. Ladan Mansouri, Anna Nopp, Stefan H. Jacobson, Britta Hylander, Joachim Lundahl. Hemodialysis patients display a declined proportion of CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ and CD4+GATA3+ T cells but a high IFN-γ profile in response to superantigen. [Submitted]
IV. Ladan Mansouri, Kristina Lundwall, Ali Moshfegh, Stefan H. Jacobson, Joachim Lundahl, Jonas Spaak. Vitamin D Receptor Activation Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines and Plasma MicroRNAs in Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease– A Randomized Trial. [Manuscript]
I. Aljadi Z, Mansouri L, Nopp A, Paulsson JM, Winqvist O, Russom A, Ståhl M, Hylander B, Jacobson SH, Lundahl J. Activation of basophils is a new and sensitive marker of biocompatibility in Hemodialysis. Artif Organs. 2014 Nov; 38(11): 945-53.
Fulltext (DOI)
Pubmed
View record in Web of Science®
II. Ladan Mansouri, Josefin M. Paulsson, Ali Moshfegh, Stefan H. Jacobson, Joachim Lundahl. Leukocyte proliferation and immune modulator production in patients with chronic kidney disease. PLoS ONE 2013, 8 (8), e73141
Fulltext (DOI)
Pubmed
View record in Web of Science®
III. Ladan Mansouri, Anna Nopp, Stefan H. Jacobson, Britta Hylander, Joachim Lundahl. Hemodialysis patients display a declined proportion of CD4+CD25+ FOXP3+ and CD4+GATA3+ T cells but a high IFN-γ profile in response to superantigen. [Submitted]
IV. Ladan Mansouri, Kristina Lundwall, Ali Moshfegh, Stefan H. Jacobson, Joachim Lundahl, Jonas Spaak. Vitamin D Receptor Activation Reduces Inflammatory Cytokines and Plasma MicroRNAs in Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease– A Randomized Trial. [Manuscript]
Institution: Karolinska Institutet
Supervisor: Lundahl, Joachim
Issue date: 2016-10-17
Rights:
Publication year: 2016
ISBN: 978-91-7676-401-5
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