Anaesthesia and analgesia for surgery in rabbits and rats : a comparison of the effects of different compounds
Author: Hedenqvist, Patricia
Date: 2008-05-30
Location: Farmakologens Föreläsningssal, Nanna Svarts väg 2, Karolinska Institutet
Time: 09.00
Department: Institutionen för fysiologi och farmakologi / Department of Physiology and Pharmacology
View/ Open:
Thesis (1.494Mb)
Abstract
Studies of anaesthesia and analgesia in rats and rabbit were undertaken
with the aim to improve anaesthesia techniques, for better animal welfare
and research quality.
Induction of anaesthesia with the volatile halogenated agents isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane was compared in the New Zealand White rabbit. All agents caused struggling, breath holding and reflex bradycardia, desflurane having the least detrimental effects. Hypoxia was prevented by pre-oxygenation, and no cardiac arrhythmias were seen. Still, induction of anaesthesia in rabbits cannot be recommended with any of these agents.
Injection anaesthesia with ketamine (cyclohexamine)/medetomidine (alpha-2-adrenergic agonist) and the effect of adding the opioid butorphanol, were evaluated in the New Zealand White rabbit. Additionally, effects after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of ketamine/medetomidine were compared. In a first study, a dose of 15/0.25 mg/kg of ketamine/medetomidine was found effective in producing surgical anaesthesia for 59 ± 18 min, but failed to produce surgical anaesthesia in some animals in a following study, possibly due to different stress levels at the time of induction. The anaesthetic effects did not differ between the administration routes. Subcutaneous injection was easier to perform and seemed less painful. Pronounced hypoxia developed during anaesthesia (PaO2 4.8 ± 0.6 kPa, mean ± SD), indicating a need for oxygen supplementation. Blind tracheal intubation was easy to perform during anaesthesia. Addition of butorphanol increased duration of anaesthesia.
In Wistar rats, anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine, repeated six times with weekly intervals, and the effects of pre-medication with the opioid buprenorphine, were evaluated. Buprenorphine caused an increase in duration of anaesthesia as well as greater respiratory depression, and was associated with increased lethality. Repeated anaesthesia without buprenorphine was found safe and led to an increase in sleep times with successive anaesthetics.
The combination sufentanil (opioid)/medetomidine was also evaluated in Wistar rats. Anaesthesia was more efficiently produced after subcutaneous than after intraperitoneal administration, and a sc dose of 40/150 (mu)g/kg of sufentanil/medetomidine produced surgical anaesthesia for 101 ± 49 min. Anaesthesia resulted in very low oxygen saturation levels (40 ± 20 %). Despite this, all animals recovered uneventfully. Oxygen supplementation is strongly recommended with this combination. Anaesthesia was reversed within 7 min by administration of 0.2/0.5 mg/kg of butorphanol (mixed (mu)-opioid agonist/antagonist)/atipamezole (alpha-adrenergic antagonist).
Postoperative recovery and behavior were compared in Sprague-Dawley rats after abdominal surgery under isoflurane or ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia, and the effect of perioperative treatment with the NSAID analgesic carprofen studied. Surprisingly, rats recovered body weight faster and showed less pain-related behavior when surgery was performed under isoflurane anaesthesia, and locomotion was also less reduced. The effects on body weight after surgery under ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia were not just seen in the immediate postoperative period, but also for several days after. Perioperative treatment with carprofen reduced the detrimental effects in both isoflurane and ketamine/medetomidine anaesthetized animals. The results show that the choice of anaesthesia may be just as important as the use of analgesic treatment for improved recovery and reduction of pain after surgery.
Induction of anaesthesia with the volatile halogenated agents isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane was compared in the New Zealand White rabbit. All agents caused struggling, breath holding and reflex bradycardia, desflurane having the least detrimental effects. Hypoxia was prevented by pre-oxygenation, and no cardiac arrhythmias were seen. Still, induction of anaesthesia in rabbits cannot be recommended with any of these agents.
Injection anaesthesia with ketamine (cyclohexamine)/medetomidine (alpha-2-adrenergic agonist) and the effect of adding the opioid butorphanol, were evaluated in the New Zealand White rabbit. Additionally, effects after subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of ketamine/medetomidine were compared. In a first study, a dose of 15/0.25 mg/kg of ketamine/medetomidine was found effective in producing surgical anaesthesia for 59 ± 18 min, but failed to produce surgical anaesthesia in some animals in a following study, possibly due to different stress levels at the time of induction. The anaesthetic effects did not differ between the administration routes. Subcutaneous injection was easier to perform and seemed less painful. Pronounced hypoxia developed during anaesthesia (PaO2 4.8 ± 0.6 kPa, mean ± SD), indicating a need for oxygen supplementation. Blind tracheal intubation was easy to perform during anaesthesia. Addition of butorphanol increased duration of anaesthesia.
In Wistar rats, anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine, repeated six times with weekly intervals, and the effects of pre-medication with the opioid buprenorphine, were evaluated. Buprenorphine caused an increase in duration of anaesthesia as well as greater respiratory depression, and was associated with increased lethality. Repeated anaesthesia without buprenorphine was found safe and led to an increase in sleep times with successive anaesthetics.
The combination sufentanil (opioid)/medetomidine was also evaluated in Wistar rats. Anaesthesia was more efficiently produced after subcutaneous than after intraperitoneal administration, and a sc dose of 40/150 (mu)g/kg of sufentanil/medetomidine produced surgical anaesthesia for 101 ± 49 min. Anaesthesia resulted in very low oxygen saturation levels (40 ± 20 %). Despite this, all animals recovered uneventfully. Oxygen supplementation is strongly recommended with this combination. Anaesthesia was reversed within 7 min by administration of 0.2/0.5 mg/kg of butorphanol (mixed (mu)-opioid agonist/antagonist)/atipamezole (alpha-adrenergic antagonist).
Postoperative recovery and behavior were compared in Sprague-Dawley rats after abdominal surgery under isoflurane or ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia, and the effect of perioperative treatment with the NSAID analgesic carprofen studied. Surprisingly, rats recovered body weight faster and showed less pain-related behavior when surgery was performed under isoflurane anaesthesia, and locomotion was also less reduced. The effects on body weight after surgery under ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia were not just seen in the immediate postoperative period, but also for several days after. Perioperative treatment with carprofen reduced the detrimental effects in both isoflurane and ketamine/medetomidine anaesthetized animals. The results show that the choice of anaesthesia may be just as important as the use of analgesic treatment for improved recovery and reduction of pain after surgery.
List of papers:
I. Flecknell PA, Roughan JV, Hedenqvist P (1999). Induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane and isoflurane in the rabbit. Lab Anim. 33(1): 41-6.
Pubmed
II. Hedenqvist P, Roughan JV, Antunes L, Orr H, Flecknell PA (2001). Induction of anaesthesia with desflurane and isoflurane in the rabbit. Lab Anim. 35(2): 172-9.
Pubmed
III. Hedenqvist P, Roughan JV, Orr HE, Antunes LM (2001). Assessment of ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia in the New Zealand White Rabbit. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 28: 18-25.
IV. Hedenqvist P, Orr HE, Roughan JV, Antunes LM, Flecknell PA (2002). Anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine in the rabbit: influence of route of administration and the effect of combination with butorphanol. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 29: 14-19.
V. Hedenqvist P, Roughan JV, Flecknell PA (2000). Effects of repeated anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine and of pre-anaesthetic administration of buprenorphine in rats. Lab Anim. 34(2): 207-11.
Pubmed
VI. Hedenqvist P, Roughan JV, Flecknell PA (2000). Sufentanil and medetomidine anaesthesia in the rat and its reversal with atipamezole and butorphanol. Lab Anim. 34(3): 244-51.
Pubmed
VII. Hedenqvist P, Backhans A, Roughan JV, Brodin E (2008). The influence of anaesthetic choice and analgesic treatment on pain related behaviour and weight development after splenectomy in the rat. [Manuscript]
I. Flecknell PA, Roughan JV, Hedenqvist P (1999). Induction of anaesthesia with sevoflurane and isoflurane in the rabbit. Lab Anim. 33(1): 41-6.
Pubmed
II. Hedenqvist P, Roughan JV, Antunes L, Orr H, Flecknell PA (2001). Induction of anaesthesia with desflurane and isoflurane in the rabbit. Lab Anim. 35(2): 172-9.
Pubmed
III. Hedenqvist P, Roughan JV, Orr HE, Antunes LM (2001). Assessment of ketamine/medetomidine anaesthesia in the New Zealand White Rabbit. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 28: 18-25.
IV. Hedenqvist P, Orr HE, Roughan JV, Antunes LM, Flecknell PA (2002). Anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine in the rabbit: influence of route of administration and the effect of combination with butorphanol. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 29: 14-19.
V. Hedenqvist P, Roughan JV, Flecknell PA (2000). Effects of repeated anaesthesia with ketamine/medetomidine and of pre-anaesthetic administration of buprenorphine in rats. Lab Anim. 34(2): 207-11.
Pubmed
VI. Hedenqvist P, Roughan JV, Flecknell PA (2000). Sufentanil and medetomidine anaesthesia in the rat and its reversal with atipamezole and butorphanol. Lab Anim. 34(3): 244-51.
Pubmed
VII. Hedenqvist P, Backhans A, Roughan JV, Brodin E (2008). The influence of anaesthetic choice and analgesic treatment on pain related behaviour and weight development after splenectomy in the rat. [Manuscript]
Issue date: 2008-05-09
Rights:
Publication year: 2008
ISBN: 978-91-7357-578-2
Statistics
Total Visits
Views | |
---|---|
Anaesthesia ...(legacy) | 1173 |
Anaesthesia ... | 447 |
Total Visits Per Month
October 2023 | November 2023 | December 2023 | January 2024 | February 2024 | March 2024 | April 2024 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anaesthesia ... | 7 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 43 | 1 | 2 |
File Visits
Views | |
---|---|
thesis.pdf(legacy) | 1615 |
thesis.pdf | 1495 |
thesis.pdf.txt(legacy) | 2 |
Top country views
Views | |
---|---|
United States | 444 |
Sweden | 139 |
Germany | 136 |
China | 109 |
United Kingdom | 96 |
Finland | 45 |
France | 29 |
Indonesia | 24 |
Russia | 24 |
South Korea | 23 |
Top cities views
Views | |
---|---|
Beijing | 60 |
Romeo | 49 |
Ochsenhausen | 40 |
Sunnyvale | 34 |
Kiez | 29 |
Helsinki | 23 |
Seoul | 23 |
Uppsala | 21 |
Stockholm | 16 |
London | 15 |