Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics: Recent submissions
Now showing items 21-40 of 344
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DNA methylation and aging : a longitudinal study of old Swedish twins
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2020-01-09)DNA methylation is a well-known biomarker of aging. Many previous studies have reported the change of DNA methylation patterns with age, and analyzed DNA methylation in association with aging outcomes. However, most ... -
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis associated neuroinflammation : nationwide epidemiological studies on etiology, comorbidities, and treatment
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-11-26)Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a relatively rare but fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive muscle paralysis, due to loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Signs of neuroinflammation have been ... -
Epidemiology, prevention and control of Legionnaires’ disease in Europe
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-11-22)Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is a water-borne infection cause by Gram-negative bacteria Legionella spp. with virtually no person-to-person transmission. The clinical presentation is a severe pneumonia with a case fatality ... -
Statistical models of breast cancer tumour growth and spread
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-11-18)In this thesis, we develop statistical methods for studying tumour growth and metastatic lymph node spread in breast cancer. The methods can be used for analysing breast cancer disease progression before diagnosis. They ... -
Sex differences in cancer risk and survival
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-11-15)Aim: The objective of study I was to delineate and quantify sex differences in cancer risk and survival together with assessing the potential gain achieved by eliminating the excess cancer risk in men. Study II and III ... -
The comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental disorders : aetiology, treatment and outcomes
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-09-17)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (ND) defined by the presence of impairing levels of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These symptoms are often accompanied ... -
Socioeconomic influences on late-life health and mortality : exploring genetic and environmental interplay
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-09-13)The objective of this thesis was to increase the understanding of socioeconomic differences in health and mortality in old age - in a genetically informative setting. Data from the Swedish Twin Registry (STR), different ... -
Risk prediction in prostate cancer diagnostics : current challenges and improvements
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-08-30)Prostate cancer has been considered a disease of elderly men, and thus historically less focus has been on prostate cancer research than many other cancer types. However, as life expectancy is increasing all over the world, ... -
Sibship and dispensing patterns of asthma medication in young children : a population based study
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-08-06)Purpose: Our aim was to study the association between sibship and dispensing patterns of asthma medication in young children, focusing on incidence and persistence, and taking sibship status, asthma diagnoses, and siblings’ ... -
Cesarean delivery, preterm birth and risk of food allergy : nationwide Swedish cohort study of over 1 million children
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-08-06)Background & Objectives: Little is known about early life risk factors for food allergy in children. We examined the association between perinatal characteristics and future risk of food allergy in offspring. Methods: ... -
Method developments for the attributable fraction in causal inference
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-04-26)In public health and policy making, understanding the overall impact of an intervention is of essential importance. A way to quantify the disease burden due to some risk factor is by the attributable fraction (AF). The AF ... -
Microsimulation modelling of prostate cancer screening in Sweden
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-04-18)Evidence-based health policy may require modelling of different interventions. The choice of model complexity is a trade-off, where simpler models may be easier to describe and calibrate, while complex models may better ... -
Has the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder phenotype become more common in children between 2004 and 2014? Trends over 10 years from a Swedish general population sample
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-03-27)Background: Studies have reported increases in clinically diagnosed and treated Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) during the last decade, but it is unclear if this reflects an increase in the underlying ADHD ... -
Maternal antibody transfer in HIV-1 infected women and impact on infant health : the role of antiretroviral prophylaxis and breastfeeding practices
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2019-03-22)Children born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected women are more vulnerable to infections and are more likely to die even when they are not HIV-1 infected. These adverse outcomes may blunt any gains ... -
Breast and prostate cancer : the impact of diagnosis and treatment on sick leave and work
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-12-17)Treatment for breast or prostate cancer can have negative consequences on working life. In addition to sick leave during treatment, women and men with breast or prostate cancer are at increased risk of permanent absence ... -
Agreement between asthma questionnaire and health care register data
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-11-26)Purpose: Risk factors and consequences of asthma can be studied using validated questionnaires. The overall objective of this study was to assess the agreement of parental-reported asthma related questions regarding their ... -
Allergen-specific IgE over time in women before, during and after pregnancy
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-11-26)The trajectory of IgE levels before, during and after pregnancy in sensitized individuals is characterized by significant increase in specific IgE to birch allergens but not to other allergens after multiple testing. This ... -
Bidirectional relationship between eating disorders and autoimmune diseases
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-11-26)Background: Immune system dysfunction may be associated with eating disorders, and associations could have implications for detection, risk assessment, and treatment of both autoimmune diseases and eating disorders. However, ... -
Panorama of diseases associated with breast cancer
(Karolinska Institutet Universitetsbiblioteket / Karolinska Institutet University Library, 2018-11-16)Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Although the incidence of breast cancer has increased over time, so too has patient survival. Given these trends, the prevalence of breast cancer has steadily increased in ... -
Survivorship in Hodgkin lymphoma : childbearing and treatment-related disease
(Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2018-10-16)Cancer is often considered a disease with, historically, poor survival that affects middle-aged and elderly individuals. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphatic malignancy that affects both young and old individuals, with the ...