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Evidence-based decision support in HIV/TB care : designing treatment, monitoring, and assessment support for care providers

thesis
posted on 2024-09-03, 06:02 authored by Carolina WannhedenCarolina Wannheden

Introduction: HIV and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection, which is a major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, requires effective strategies to support care providers in applying best clinical evidence in making treatment decisions about the care of individ- ual patients. Clinical decision support (CDS) systems have the potential to facilitate the implementation of evidence-based guidelines in clinical practice.

Aim: The aim of this thesis was to explore how a CDS system could be designed to sup- port the adoption of evidence-based guidelines in the treatment of HIV-related TB.

Study design: The HIV outpatient clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, was the setting for a user-centered design approach structured in three phases: contextual analysis (Studies I and II), design (Study III), and evaluation (Study IV). Study I explores care providers’ challenges and requirements; Study II, which describes socio- demographic and clinical characteristics of patients in this setting, analyzes the factors associated with anti-TB treatment success as well as adverse drug reactions; Study III proposes a CDS framework of drug therapy recommendations that is applied to HIV- related TB treatment guidelines; Study IV formatively evaluates the conceptual design of a CDS prototype that is based on the framework developed in Study III.

Methods: In Study I, the contextual analysis is based on observations and interviews. Study II analyses patient treatment outcomes in the research setting between the years 1987 to 2010 (inclusive). Study III presents the design that is based on prototyping and guideline modeling. Study IV uses focus groups of physicians and nurses in the evalua- tion of the design.

Results: The contextual analysis revealed challenges related to the complexity of HIV- related TB treatment (Studies I and II). Because the care providers thought they lacked sufficient experience with HIVTB drug therapy, they sought improved support tools and structures (Study I). Combined HIV and TB treatment was related to treatment success, but was also associated with adverse drug reactions (Study II). The design phase ap- plied the eviTMA (evidence-based Treatment, Monitoring, and Assessment) framework to model HIV-related TB treatment guidelines. This resulted in a CDS prototype that models alternative drug therapy options, their expected effects, and recommended mon- itoring routines (Study III). The care providers identified several potential benefits of the eviTMA CDS prototype including support for decision making, collaboration, and qual- ity improvement work (Study IV). Identified concerns that need to be addressed in future include the risk of overdependence on CDS, increased workload, and aspects related to the implementation and maintenance of a CDS system (Study IV).

Conclusions: The main contribution of this thesis is the eviTMA CDS framework de- signed to support care providers in the adoption of evidence-based drug therapy rec- ommendations. The framework was evaluated in a CDS prototype for HIV-related TB treatment. Application to other conditions was desired by care providers and should be explored in future.

List of scientific papers

I. Wannheden C, Westling K, Savage C, Sandahl C, Ellenius J. HIV and tuberculosis coinfection: A qualitative study of treatment challenges faced by care providers. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013 Aug 1;17(8):1029–35.
https://doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.12.0446.

II. Wannheden C, Norrby M, Berggren I, Westling K. Tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients in Stockholm, Sweden, 1987–2010: Treatment outcomes and adverse re- actions. Scand J Infect Dis. 2014 Feb 11;46(5):331-339.
https://doi.org/10.3109/00365548.2013.878033

III. Wannheden C, Hvitfeldt Forsberg H, Westling K, Ellenius J. Modeling evidence- based drug therapies: the eviTMA clinical decision support framework applied to HIVTB care. [Manuscript]

IV. Wannheden C, Eftimovska E, Westling K, Ellenius J, Sandahl C, Hvitfeldt Forsberg H. Qualitative evaluation of the eviTMA clinical decision support model applied to HIVTB care. [Manuscript].

History

Defence date

2014-09-26

Department

  • Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics

Publisher/Institution

Karolinska Institutet

Main supervisor

Hvitfeldt Forsberg, Helena

Publication year

2014

Thesis type

  • Doctoral thesis

ISBN

978-91-7549-643-6

Number of supporting papers

4

Language

  • eng

Original publication date

2014-09-05

Author name in thesis

Wannheden, Carolina

Original department name

Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics

Place of publication

Stockholm

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