Shared familial risk factors between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and overweight/obesity : a population based familial co-aggregation study in Sweden
Author: Chen, Qi; Kuja-Halkola, Ralf; Sjölander, Arvid; Serlachius, Eva; Cortese, Samuele; Faraone, Stephen V; Almqvist, Catarina; Larsson, Henrik
Department: Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite meta-analytic evidence for the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and overweight/obesity, the mechanisms underlying the association are yet to be fully understood.
METHODS: By linking multiple Swedish national and regional registers, we identified 472,735 index males born during 1973-1992, with information on body weight and height directly measured before they were conscripted for military service. We further identified 523,237 full siblings born during 1973-2002 for the index males. All individuals were followed up from their third birthday to December 31, 2009 for ADHD diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between overweight/obesity in index males and ADHD in their full siblings.
RESULTS: Siblings of index males with overweight/obesity had increased risk for ADHD (overweight: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05-1.24; obesity: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.24-1.63), compared with siblings of index males with normal weight. The results were adjusted for birth year of the index male and sex of the sibling. After further adjustment for ADHD status of the index male, the familial coaggregation remained significant (overweight: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04-1.22; obesity: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.21-1.57). The results were similar across sex of the siblings.
CONCLUSIONS: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and overweight/obesity share familial risk factors, which are not limited to those causing overweight/obesity through the mediation of ADHD. Future research aiming at identifying family-wide environmental risk factors as well as common pleiotropic genetic variants contributing to both traits is warranted.
METHODS: By linking multiple Swedish national and regional registers, we identified 472,735 index males born during 1973-1992, with information on body weight and height directly measured before they were conscripted for military service. We further identified 523,237 full siblings born during 1973-2002 for the index males. All individuals were followed up from their third birthday to December 31, 2009 for ADHD diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between overweight/obesity in index males and ADHD in their full siblings.
RESULTS: Siblings of index males with overweight/obesity had increased risk for ADHD (overweight: OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05-1.24; obesity: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.24-1.63), compared with siblings of index males with normal weight. The results were adjusted for birth year of the index male and sex of the sibling. After further adjustment for ADHD status of the index male, the familial coaggregation remained significant (overweight: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04-1.22; obesity: OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.21-1.57). The results were similar across sex of the siblings.
CONCLUSIONS: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and overweight/obesity share familial risk factors, which are not limited to those causing overweight/obesity through the mediation of ADHD. Future research aiming at identifying family-wide environmental risk factors as well as common pleiotropic genetic variants contributing to both traits is warranted.
Institution:
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Brain-Behavior Laboratory, University of Southampton
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Langone Medical Center, New York University Child Study Center, New York, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, New York, USA
- The K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lung and Allergy Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
Citation: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;58(6):711-718.
Citation DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12686
Citation PMID: 28121008
Citation ISI: 000401731300009
Publishing journal: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Eprint status: Peer Reviewed
Version: Accepted
Issue date: 2017-07-07
Sponsorship:
- Swedish Research Council, 2014-3831
- Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in the Social and Medical Sciences (SIMSAM), 340-2013-5867
- European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, 667302
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration, 602805
- NIH National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 5R01MH101519
- Rhodes
- Arbor
- Pfizer
- Ironshore
- Shire
- Akili Interactive Labs
- CogCubed
- Alcobra
- VAYA Pharma
- NeuroLifeSciences
- Aargon Healthcare Italy
- Solent National Health Service (NHS) Trust, UK
- Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (ACAMH), UK
Rights:
Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use.
Publication year: 2017
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