Abstract
BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases, and prevalence,
severity and medication may have an effect on pregnancy. We examined maternal
asthma, asthma severity and control in relation to pregnancy complications,
labour characteristics and perinatal outcomes.
METHODS: We retrieved data on all
singleton births from July 1, 2006 to December 31, 2009, and prescribed drugs and
physician-diagnosed asthma on the same women from multiple Swedish registers. The
associations were estimated with logistic regression.
RESULTS: In total, 266 045
women gave birth to 284 214 singletons during the study period. Maternal asthma
was noted in 26 586 (9.4%) pregnancies. There was an association between maternal
asthma and increased risks of pregnancy complications including preeclampsia or
eclampsia (adjusted OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.06-1.24) and premature contractions (adj OR
1.52; 95% CI 1.29-1.80). There was also a significant association between
maternal asthma and emergency caesarean section (adj OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.23-1.34),
low birth weight, and small for gestational age (adj OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.13-1.33).
The risk of adverse outcomes such as low birth weight increased with increasing
asthma severity. For women with uncontrolled compared to those with controlled
asthma the results for adverse outcomes were inconsistent displaying both
increased and decreased OR for some outcomes.
CONCLUSION: Maternal asthma is
associated with a number of serious pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal
outcomes. Some complications are even more likely with increased asthma severity.
With greater awareness and proper management, outcomes would most likely improve.
