Immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis : the role of T cells in murine models of atherosclerosis
Author: Zhou, Xinghua
Date: 2000-06-09
Location: Konferensrummet, Centrum för molekylär medicin, Karolinska sjukhuset
Time: 9.00
Department: Institutionen för molekylär medicin / Department of Molecular Medicine
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease. Much interest has been focused on the immune responses in the pathogenesis of the disease. The role of T cells in the development of atherosclerosis was therefore investigated in murine models in this study.
The project started with the finding that immunocompetent cells infiltrated into all phases of atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic apoE knockout (E-/-) mice with a dominance of CD4+ T cells appearing in clusters. Analyses of their T cell receptors indicated that V[beta]6+ T cells were present in all lesions, and V[beta]5.2+, V[beta]16+ and V[alpha]34s+ were present in the majority of the lesions. As in man, Th1 cells were the dominant T cells in E-/- mice. However, severe hypercholesterolemia induced by high fat diet led to a switch of Th1 to Th2/Th3-dependent immune responses, paralleled by increased IL-4 and TGF-[beta] and decreased IFN-[gamma] expressions in the lesions, lymphoid organs and blood. The switch was further evidenced by the shift of IgG2a to IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies to oxLDL. Similar changes were also detected in hypercholesterolemic mice treated with poloxamer-407. A new murine model was generated by crossbreeding E-/- mice with severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID, S-/-) to further explore the role of adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. A significant reduction of lesion formation was found in E-/-S-/- mice compared with E-/-S+/+ ones. The disease was worsened dramatically in E-/-S-/- after transfer of CD4+ T cells, which was paralleled by increased IFN-[gamma] levels in plasma. Immunization with either homologous plaque homogenates or MDA-LDL reduced lesions significantly in E-/- mice. The protection was associated with elevation of IgG antibodies against both MDA-LDL and oxidized phospholipids.
In summary, our data provide a direct link between hypercholesterolemia and local immune responses in murine atherosclerosis. A strongly skewed pattern of the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) was indicative of oligoclonal expansions of T cells in the plaques and suggestive of antigen-driven T cell proliferation in the lesions. T and B cells cooperate in the autoimmune response to oxLDL and a link has been identified between cholesterol metabolism and the activation of Th cells in lymphoid organs and atherosclerotic lesions. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells into E-/-S-/- accelerates atherosclerosis. This effect on the lesions is paralleled by increased IFN-[gamma] levels suggesting that Th1-type CD4 cells contribute a proatherogenic T-cell subset. Finally, the protective effect of immunization with oxLDL involves T cell-dependent specific IgG antibody responses.
The project started with the finding that immunocompetent cells infiltrated into all phases of atherosclerotic lesions in hypercholesterolemic apoE knockout (E-/-) mice with a dominance of CD4+ T cells appearing in clusters. Analyses of their T cell receptors indicated that V[beta]6+ T cells were present in all lesions, and V[beta]5.2+, V[beta]16+ and V[alpha]34s+ were present in the majority of the lesions. As in man, Th1 cells were the dominant T cells in E-/- mice. However, severe hypercholesterolemia induced by high fat diet led to a switch of Th1 to Th2/Th3-dependent immune responses, paralleled by increased IL-4 and TGF-[beta] and decreased IFN-[gamma] expressions in the lesions, lymphoid organs and blood. The switch was further evidenced by the shift of IgG2a to IgG1 and IgG2b antibodies to oxLDL. Similar changes were also detected in hypercholesterolemic mice treated with poloxamer-407. A new murine model was generated by crossbreeding E-/- mice with severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID, S-/-) to further explore the role of adaptive immunity in atherosclerosis. A significant reduction of lesion formation was found in E-/-S-/- mice compared with E-/-S+/+ ones. The disease was worsened dramatically in E-/-S-/- after transfer of CD4+ T cells, which was paralleled by increased IFN-[gamma] levels in plasma. Immunization with either homologous plaque homogenates or MDA-LDL reduced lesions significantly in E-/- mice. The protection was associated with elevation of IgG antibodies against both MDA-LDL and oxidized phospholipids.
In summary, our data provide a direct link between hypercholesterolemia and local immune responses in murine atherosclerosis. A strongly skewed pattern of the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3) was indicative of oligoclonal expansions of T cells in the plaques and suggestive of antigen-driven T cell proliferation in the lesions. T and B cells cooperate in the autoimmune response to oxLDL and a link has been identified between cholesterol metabolism and the activation of Th cells in lymphoid organs and atherosclerotic lesions. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells into E-/-S-/- accelerates atherosclerosis. This effect on the lesions is paralleled by increased IFN-[gamma] levels suggesting that Th1-type CD4 cells contribute a proatherogenic T-cell subset. Finally, the protective effect of immunization with oxLDL involves T cell-dependent specific IgG antibody responses.
List of papers:
I. Zhou X, Stemme S, Hansson GK (1996). Evidence for a local immune response in atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells infiltrate lesions of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Am J Pathol. 149(2):359-366.
Pubmed
II. Paulsson G, Zhou X, Törnquist E, Hansson GK (2000). Oligoclonal T cell expansions in atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 20(1):10-17.
Pubmed
III. Zhou X, Paulsson G, Stemme S, Hansson GK (1998). Hypercholesterolemia is associated with a T helper (Th) 1/Th2 switch of the autoimmune response in atherosclerotic apo E-knockout mice. J Clin Invest. 101(8):1717-1725.
Pubmed
IV. Zhou X, Johnston TP, Funa K, Hansson GK (2000). Hypercholesterolemia leads to elevated transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) activity and T helper (Th)3-dependent autoimmune response in atherosclerotic mice. [Submitted]
V. Zhou X, Nicoletti A, Elhage R, Hansson GK (2000). Transfer of CD4+ T cells aggravates atherosclerosis in immunodeficient ApoE knockout mice. [Submitted]
VI. Zhou X, et. al. (2000). Protection of atherosclerosis by immunisation is associated with T cell dependent elevation of specific IgG antibody in ApoE-deficient mice. [Submitted]
I. Zhou X, Stemme S, Hansson GK (1996). Evidence for a local immune response in atherosclerosis. CD4+ T cells infiltrate lesions of apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Am J Pathol. 149(2):359-366.
Pubmed
II. Paulsson G, Zhou X, Törnquist E, Hansson GK (2000). Oligoclonal T cell expansions in atherosclerotic lesions of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 20(1):10-17.
Pubmed
III. Zhou X, Paulsson G, Stemme S, Hansson GK (1998). Hypercholesterolemia is associated with a T helper (Th) 1/Th2 switch of the autoimmune response in atherosclerotic apo E-knockout mice. J Clin Invest. 101(8):1717-1725.
Pubmed
IV. Zhou X, Johnston TP, Funa K, Hansson GK (2000). Hypercholesterolemia leads to elevated transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1) activity and T helper (Th)3-dependent autoimmune response in atherosclerotic mice. [Submitted]
V. Zhou X, Nicoletti A, Elhage R, Hansson GK (2000). Transfer of CD4+ T cells aggravates atherosclerosis in immunodeficient ApoE knockout mice. [Submitted]
VI. Zhou X, et. al. (2000). Protection of atherosclerosis by immunisation is associated with T cell dependent elevation of specific IgG antibody in ApoE-deficient mice. [Submitted]
Issue date: 2000-05-19
Publication year: 2000
ISBN: 91-628-4217-X
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