Parental characteristics and offspring internalizing behaviors : understanding the associations using quantitative genetics
Author: Ljung, Therese
Date: 2014-01-31
Location: Petrénsalen, Nobels väg 12 B, Karolinska institutet, Solna
Time: 09.00
Department: Inst för medicinsk epidemiologi och biostatistik / Dept of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Abstract
Internalizing problems increase dramatically from childhood to adolescence and account for a large proportion of mental health problems worldwide. During the past decade research has documented a robust association between offspring internalizing problems and different aspects of parental characteristics, such as parenting practices and psychiatric disorders. Findings from twin and family studies have suggested that this association is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Nevertheless, prior studies have had limited possibilities to disentangle familial confounding from causal environmental mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to use different genetically informative designs to explore the direction and etiology of the association between different parental characteristics and offspring internalizing behaviors.
In Paper I, we examined a sample of Swedish twins to understand the direction and etiology of the association between different parenting styles and offspring internalizing behavior from adolescence to early adulthood. We found that daughters internalizing behavior influenced an emotional overinvolved behavior from their parents. Twin analyses indicated that this association was mediated by genetic factors.
In Paper II, we investigated the impact of offspring death and suicide on psychiatric disorders among their parents in a cohort defined by nationwide registers. Parents exposed to offspring suicide had considerably higher risk for subsequent psychiatric hospitalization. Furthermore, a shared genetic liability for psychiatric disorder seemed important judging from family-based analyses.
In Paper III, we specifically examined the suicide risk among offspring of parents hospitalized for schizophrenia and the mechanisms behind this association. We observed a doubled risk of suicidal behavior in offspring. Cousin comparisons suggested that environmental factors play an important role in this association.
In Paper IV, we explored if ADHD and suicidal behavior shared genetic and environmental factors. We found an increased risk of both completed and attempted suicide among relatives of individuals with ADHD. The pattern of familial aggregation indicated genetic influences for this association.
In conclusion, genetic and environmental factors contributed to the associations between parental characteristics and offspring internalizing behavior. Internalizing behaviors in offspring predicted both parenting and psychiatric disorders through genetic mechanisms. However, we could also show that specific parental psychiatric disorders predicted offspring internalizing behaviors through environmental mechanisms. In addition, we found that genetic factors for internalizing behavior to some extent is shared with genetic factors for ADHD. Future research using other genetically informative designs to control for familial confounding is necessary to provide a clearer understanding of the etiological link between parental characteristics and offspring internalizing behavior.
In Paper I, we examined a sample of Swedish twins to understand the direction and etiology of the association between different parenting styles and offspring internalizing behavior from adolescence to early adulthood. We found that daughters internalizing behavior influenced an emotional overinvolved behavior from their parents. Twin analyses indicated that this association was mediated by genetic factors.
In Paper II, we investigated the impact of offspring death and suicide on psychiatric disorders among their parents in a cohort defined by nationwide registers. Parents exposed to offspring suicide had considerably higher risk for subsequent psychiatric hospitalization. Furthermore, a shared genetic liability for psychiatric disorder seemed important judging from family-based analyses.
In Paper III, we specifically examined the suicide risk among offspring of parents hospitalized for schizophrenia and the mechanisms behind this association. We observed a doubled risk of suicidal behavior in offspring. Cousin comparisons suggested that environmental factors play an important role in this association.
In Paper IV, we explored if ADHD and suicidal behavior shared genetic and environmental factors. We found an increased risk of both completed and attempted suicide among relatives of individuals with ADHD. The pattern of familial aggregation indicated genetic influences for this association.
In conclusion, genetic and environmental factors contributed to the associations between parental characteristics and offspring internalizing behavior. Internalizing behaviors in offspring predicted both parenting and psychiatric disorders through genetic mechanisms. However, we could also show that specific parental psychiatric disorders predicted offspring internalizing behaviors through environmental mechanisms. In addition, we found that genetic factors for internalizing behavior to some extent is shared with genetic factors for ADHD. Future research using other genetically informative designs to control for familial confounding is necessary to provide a clearer understanding of the etiological link between parental characteristics and offspring internalizing behavior.
List of papers:
I. Moberg T, Lichtenstein P, Forsman M, Larsson H. Internalizing behavior in adolescent girls affects parental emotional over-involvement: a cross-lagged twin study. Behavior Genetics. 2011; 41: 223-33.
Fulltext (DOI)
Pubmed
View record in Web of Science®
II. Ljung T, Sandin S, Långström N, Runeson B, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. Offspring death and subsequent psychiatric morbidity in bereaved parents: addressing mechanisms in a total population cohort. Psychological Medicine. 2013.
Fulltext (DOI)
Pubmed
III. Ljung T, Lichtenstein P, Sandin S, D’Onofrio B, Runeson B, Långström N, Larsson H. Parental schizophrenia and increased offspring suicide risk: exploring the causal hypothesis using cousin comparisons. Psychological Medicine. 2013; 43(3):581-90.
Fulltext (DOI)
Pubmed
View record in Web of Science®
IV. Ljung T, Chen Q, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. Common etiological factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and suicidal behavior: a population based study in Sweden. [Manuscript]
I. Moberg T, Lichtenstein P, Forsman M, Larsson H. Internalizing behavior in adolescent girls affects parental emotional over-involvement: a cross-lagged twin study. Behavior Genetics. 2011; 41: 223-33.
Fulltext (DOI)
Pubmed
View record in Web of Science®
II. Ljung T, Sandin S, Långström N, Runeson B, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. Offspring death and subsequent psychiatric morbidity in bereaved parents: addressing mechanisms in a total population cohort. Psychological Medicine. 2013.
Fulltext (DOI)
Pubmed
III. Ljung T, Lichtenstein P, Sandin S, D’Onofrio B, Runeson B, Långström N, Larsson H. Parental schizophrenia and increased offspring suicide risk: exploring the causal hypothesis using cousin comparisons. Psychological Medicine. 2013; 43(3):581-90.
Fulltext (DOI)
Pubmed
View record in Web of Science®
IV. Ljung T, Chen Q, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. Common etiological factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and suicidal behavior: a population based study in Sweden. [Manuscript]
Institution: Karolinska Institutet
Supervisor: Larsson, Henrik
Issue date: 2013-12-19
Rights:
Publication year: 2013
ISBN: 978-91-7549-403-6
Statistics
Total Visits
Views | |
---|---|
Parental ...(legacy) | 919 |
Parental ... | 430 |
Total Visits Per Month
October 2023 | November 2023 | December 2023 | January 2024 | February 2024 | March 2024 | April 2024 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parental ... | 27 | 14 | 16 | 18 | 15 | 27 | 11 |
File Visits
Views | |
---|---|
Thesis_Therese_Ljung.pdf(legacy) | 612 |
Spikblad_Therese_Ljung.pdf(legacy) | 239 |
Thesis_Therese_Ljung.pdf | 203 |
Spikblad_Therese_Ljung.pdf | 46 |
Top country views
Views | |
---|---|
United States | 459 |
Sweden | 175 |
Ireland | 136 |
China | 106 |
Germany | 78 |
United Kingdom | 75 |
Denmark | 28 |
South Korea | 27 |
Russia | 27 |
Finland | 9 |
Top cities views
Views | |
---|---|
Dublin | 76 |
Stockholm | 71 |
Ashburn | 64 |
Sunnyvale | 56 |
Kiez | 35 |
Seoul | 24 |
Ballerup | 22 |
Romeo | 12 |
Shenzhen | 12 |
Sundsvall | 10 |