Studies of cell signalling using bacterial toxins and organic electronic devices
Author: Kjäll, Peter
Date: 2007-11-16
Location: Föreläsningssalen vid institutionen för Mikrobiologi, Tumör- och Cell biologi (MTC), Theorells väg 1
Time: 09.00
Department: Institutionen för mikrobiologi, tumör- och cellbiologi / Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology
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thesis.pdf (1.540Mb)
Abstract
One of the most versatile biological signalling entities is the calcium
ion, Ca2+. With a characteristic spatial and temporal signalling pattern,
this universal second-messenger directs diverse cellular functions, e.g.
secretion of neurotransmitters at the synaptic cleft to regulation of
transcription and fertilization. The temporal feature of Ca2+signal can
be described as oscillations occurring with periodicities ranging from μs
to h.
The bacterial exotoxin alpha-haemolysin (Hly) is a pathophysiologically
relevant protein known to induce Ca2+ oscillations that leads to
production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in target cells. A role for this
uropathogenic E.coli-encoded virulence factor was recently identified, as
Hly was shown to modulate inflammatory responses in vivo. In this thesis,
we investigate the molecular details of signalling pathways activated by
Hly. All functional domains of Hly are required for cell signalling, and
we suggest that the Ca2+ binding domain interacts with the membrane-bound
receptor glycophorin. Components of the LPS-recognition system are
essential to recruit Hly to the cell membrane, where signalling is
initiated in specialized microdomains termed lipid rafts. We show that
the signalling pathway involves the small GTPase RhoA, the linker protein
ezrin, and the cytoskeleton. Ca2+ oscillations are generated by concerted
actions of Hly-activated voltage-operated Ca2+ channels in the plasma
membrane and generation of the second-messenger IP3, which causes release
of Ca2+ from the ER via the IP3-receptor.
The tool-kit available to study the dynamic range of Ca2+ signals is
limited. We envisaged that a powerful tool for such studies would be a
device that is able to induce ion signalling with specified temporal and
spatial resolution. To this end, we developed an organic electronic ion
pump as a bio-interface to electronically induce Ca2+ signalling in
neuronal cells. We show that the conjugated polymer PEDOT:PSS is
biocompatible. A device is designed that is able to transport ions, e.g.
H+, K+ and Ca2+, with high degree of electronic control and ON/OFF ratios
exceeding 300. By integrating this device with cells, electronic control
of cellular Ca2+ influx is achieved, showing that an electronically
controlled ion conductor circuit can trigger a biological output. A
prototype is manufactured demonstrating that the ion pump can be used to
achieve controlled oscillations of an ion concentration. We believe that
these novel devices have great potential as tools to study Ca2+
signalling patterns with specific frequencies in biological specimens.
But most importantly, this work shows a successful integration of two
research fields, which has paved the path for the novel research area
termed Organic bioelectronics .
List of papers:
I. Månsson LE, Kjäll P, Pellett S, Nagy G, Welch RA, Bäckhed F, Frisan T, Richter-Dahlfors A (2007). "Role of the lipopolysaccharide-CD14 complex for the activity of hemolysin from uropathogenic Escherichia coli." Infect Immun 75(2): 997-1004. Epub 2006 Nov 13
Pubmed
II. Kjäll P, Oxhamre C, Söderblom T, Mikoshiba K, and Richter-Dahlfors A (2007). "Molecular characterization of alpha-hemolysin-induced Ca2+ signalling in renal epithelial cells." (Submitted)
III. Isaksson J, Kjäll P, Nilsson D, Robinson ND, Berggren M, Richter-Dahlfors A (2007). "Electronic control of Ca2+ signalling in neuronal cells using an organic electronic ion pump." Nat Mater 6(9): 673-9. Epub 2007 Jul 22
Pubmed
IV. Isaksson J, Nilsson D, Kjäll P, Robinson N. D, Richter-Dahlfors A, Berggren M (2007). "Electronically controlled pH gradients and proton oscillations." (Submitted)
I. Månsson LE, Kjäll P, Pellett S, Nagy G, Welch RA, Bäckhed F, Frisan T, Richter-Dahlfors A (2007). "Role of the lipopolysaccharide-CD14 complex for the activity of hemolysin from uropathogenic Escherichia coli." Infect Immun 75(2): 997-1004. Epub 2006 Nov 13
Pubmed
II. Kjäll P, Oxhamre C, Söderblom T, Mikoshiba K, and Richter-Dahlfors A (2007). "Molecular characterization of alpha-hemolysin-induced Ca2+ signalling in renal epithelial cells." (Submitted)
III. Isaksson J, Kjäll P, Nilsson D, Robinson ND, Berggren M, Richter-Dahlfors A (2007). "Electronic control of Ca2+ signalling in neuronal cells using an organic electronic ion pump." Nat Mater 6(9): 673-9. Epub 2007 Jul 22
Pubmed
IV. Isaksson J, Nilsson D, Kjäll P, Robinson N. D, Richter-Dahlfors A, Berggren M (2007). "Electronically controlled pH gradients and proton oscillations." (Submitted)
Issue date: 2007-10-26
Rights:
Publication year: 2007
ISBN: 978-91-7357-364-1
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